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19 The foundations of the city’s wall are decorated[a] with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation is jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate,[b] the fourth emerald, 20 the fifth onyx,[c] the sixth carnelian,[d] the seventh chrysolite,[e] the eighth beryl,[f] the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase,[g] the eleventh jacinth,[h] and the twelfth amethyst. 21 And the twelve gates are twelve pearls—each one of the gates is made from just one pearl! The[i] main street[j] of the city is pure gold, like transparent glass.

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Footnotes

  1. Revelation 21:19 tn The perfect participle here has been translated as an intensive (resultative) perfect.
  2. Revelation 21:19 sn Agate (also called chalcedony) is a semiprecious stone usually milky or gray in color (L&N 2.32).
  3. Revelation 21:20 sn Onyx (also called sardonyx) is a semiprecious stone that comes in various colors (L&N 2.35).
  4. Revelation 21:20 sn Carnelian is a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).
  5. Revelation 21:20 sn Chrysolite refers to either quartz or topaz, golden yellow in color (L&N 2.37).
  6. Revelation 21:20 sn Beryl is a semiprecious stone, usually blue-green or green in color (L&N 2.38).
  7. Revelation 21:20 sn Chrysoprase is a greenish type of quartz (L&N 2.40).
  8. Revelation 21:20 sn Jacinth is a semiprecious stone, probably blue in color (also called “hyacinth,” but that translation is not used here because of possible confusion with the flower of the same name). See L&N 2.41.
  9. Revelation 21:21 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
  10. Revelation 21:21 tn The Greek word πλατεῖα (plateia) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).